#Draghi report (https://commission.europa.eu/document/97e481fd-2dc3-412d-be4c-f152a8232961_en 24-25): a backward-looking and proprietary idea of public research. It uses "volume of publications
in top academic science journals as an indicative metric". Besides, "about one-third of the patented inventions registered by EU universities or research institutions are commercially exploited" should suggest that patents on public research outputs do not foster innovation. But Draghi concludes that public research is still too independent from business.